An EEZ, or Exclusive Economic Zone, is a maritime area extending up to 200 nautical miles from a country's coast where that nation has exclusive rights to explore, exploit, conserve, and manage marine resources, including fishing, oil, and energy production, as defined by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). It grants sovereign rights over resources but allows freedom of navigation for other nations in the surface waters, unlike the territorial sea which has full sovereignty.
The exclusive economic zone is the zone where the U.S. and other coastal nations have jurisdiction over natural resources. This NOAA map shows the U.S. exclusive economic zone.
The United Kingdom's exclusive economic zone is the fifth largest in the world at 6,805,586 km2 (2,627,651 mi2). It comprises the exclusive economic zones surrounding the United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies, and the British Overseas Territories.
What's the difference between EEZ & territorial waters?
Unlike the territorial sea and the contiguous zone, the EEZ only allows for the previously mentioned resource rights and the law enforcement capacity to protect those rights. It does not give a coastal State the right to prohibit or limit freedom of navigation or overflight, subject to very limited exceptions.
The U.S. exclusive economic zone (EEZ) extends 200 nautical miles offshore, encompassing diverse ecosystems and vast natural resources, such as fisheries and energy and other mineral resources.
From 31 January to 31 December 2020, the UK was in a transition period, and continued to contribute to the EU as if it were a member until the end of the transition period, reducing the amount of the financial settlement. From December 2020, the payments accrue twice a year.
The sea extending 12 nautical miles from the low-water line along the coast (section 1, Territorial Sea Act 1987). Most of the territorial sea of the UK does not adjoin the territorial sea of any other state.
Beyond that, coastal countries have Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) within 200 nautical miles (370km) – or less, if zones of different nations would overlap. Because of its overseas territories, including Guadeloupe, Réunion and French Polynesia, France has the world's largest EEZ.
Jean Hausermann : France has the second largest EEZ in the world, spread over all the oceans thanks to its overseas territories. This vast expanse of sea represents a major strategic asset, but also a colossal challenge in terms of security and defence.
In 1982, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea introduced a new framework: the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). This agreement gave coastal nations sovereign rights to explore, exploit, and conserve marine resources up to 200 nautical miles from their coasts. Today, around 160 nations maintain EEZs.
An “exclusive economic zone,” or “EEZ” is an area of the ocean, generally extending 200 nautical miles (230 miles) beyond a nation's territorial sea, within which a coastal nation has jurisdiction over both living and nonliving resources.
The maritime zones recognized under international law include internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone (EEZ), the continental shelf, the high seas, and the Area.
Potential enlargement of the European Union is governed by Article 49 of the Maastricht Treaty. If the UK applied to rejoin the EU, it would need to apply and have its application terms supported unanimously by the EU member states.
France. Due to its numerous overseas departments and territories scattered on all oceans of the planet, France possesses the largest EEZ in the world, covering 11,691,000 km2 (4,514,000 mi2).
The Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean have distinct characteristics the amount of salt, the speed of currents, and even how much sediment they carry. This creates an invisible boundary called a "halocline", where the two oceans resist mixing.
The ocean with the largest amount of plastic is the North Pacific, followed by the Indian Ocean, the North Atlantic, the South Pacific, the South Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea.
Ships avoid the direct route between Russia and the US because the North Pacific is extremely dangerous, with violent storms, strong winds and giant waves. The isolation of the region makes it difficult to provide assistance in an emergency.
