What is keiretsu?

A keiretsu is a Japanese business network of independent companies—often including banks, manufacturers, and suppliers—linked together through cross-shareholdings, close partnerships, and shared long-term goals. Emerging after World War II to replace the zaibatsu (conglomerates), they are characterized by mutual loyalty, with two main types: horizontal (centered on a bank) and vertical (focused on supply chain efficiency).

Is the keiretsu still exist?

The keiretsu still exists in the 21st century, undergoing radical changes since its formation. Keiretsu is best described as an intricate business network with a long-term transactional relationship.

What are some examples of keiretsu?

The leading horizontal Japanese keiretsu, also referred to as the "Big Six", include: Fuyo, Sanwa, Sumitomo, Mitsubishi, Mitsui, and DKB Group.

What are the benefits of a keiretsu?

Keiretsu offers several benefits, including collaboration and resource sharing, stable supply chains, access to capital, and collective market influence. These advantages contribute to the overall competitiveness and success of member companies.

Who are the famous keiretsu?

• Furukawa Group.
• Midori Kai.
• Mitsubishi.
• Mitsui.
• Mizuho Financial Group.
• Nissan Group.
• Nomura Holdings.
• Sumitomo Group.

What is Keiretsu? Definition, Advantages, Disadvantages #keiretsu

Who are the Big 4 zaibatsu?

The "Big Four" zaibatsu (四大財閥; Yondai Zaibatsu) of, in chronological order of founding, Sumitomo, Mitsui, Mitsubishi, and Yasuda were the most significant zaibatsu groups. Two of them, Sumitomo and Mitsui, had roots in the Edo period while Mitsubishi and Yasuda traced their origins to the Meiji Restoration.

What is the top 5 richest company?

NVIDIA is the largest company in the world, with a market cap of $4.56 trillion. NVIDIA is followed by Apple ($3.95 trillion), Alphabet ($3.83 trillion), Microsoft ($3.53 trillion), and Amazon ($2.49 trillion).

What are the disadvantages of a keiretsu?

Keiretsu Drawbacks

There is a risk of borrowing too much from the allied banking system within the group. Because funding is guaranteed within the alliance group, companies may go into very risky ventures that would normally not be funded by outside institutions.

What is a keiretsu in English?

Meaning of keiretsu in English

in Japan, a group of companies that are closely connected, for example because they own shares in each other, and that work together to develop and protect each other's business: As the biggest owners of cross-holdings of shares, the banks sit at the centre of most keiretsu.

What are the 4 sourcing strategies?

The four pillars of strategic sourcing—spend analysis, sourcing, contract management, and supplier management—lay the foundation for a robust procurement strategy. Effective implementation of these pillars fosters innovation, enhances supplier collaboration, ensures quality, and reduces costs.

What is the future of keiretsu?

The future of industrialization lies not in smarter individual factories, but in intelligent networks of suppliers, logistics hubs, and energy systems: ecosystems coordinated by AI agents, digital twins, and real-time data flows. In other words, a new kind of keiretsu for the 21st century — one that runs on code.

What are the top 3 companies in Japan?

What are the biggest companies by total annual revenue?

• Toyota Motor Corp.: $320.52 billion.
• Honda Motor Co Ltd.: $144.71 billion.
• Mitsubishi Corporation: $124.23 billion.
• Itochu Corporation: $98.18 billion.
• Mitsui & Co Ltd.: $97.78 billion.

Do zaibatsu still exist?

However, the companies were not fully dismantled, and many zaibatsu companies, subsidiaries, and affiliates exist today. The legacy of the zaibatsu also exists in the "keiretsu," which are large vertically structured groups of companies with common interests.

What does Suzuki mean in Japan?

Suzuki literally means "bell tree" in Japanese. Suzu - "bell" Ki - "tree" A common Japanese surname and business name.

Why does Japan have so many old companies?

“Japanese society, and the economy, is not as flexible as the US, and so Japan does not generate big new firms so easily. The tendency is to preserve what they have.”

Is Honda a zaibatsu?

Associated firms under the umbrella include notable modern day companies including: Mazda, Mitsubishi, Sapporo Brewery, Honda, and Nikon. The four Zaibatsus held extensive and diverse industries throughout Japan and consequently had significant influence on the country's economy.

Can I kiss my girlfriend in public in Japan?

While holding hands is generally fine in Japan, kissing in public is strongly frowned upon and considered awkward or inappropriate, making it best to save passionate displays for private settings like hotels or homes, as it goes against traditional Japanese modesty and personal space norms, even if younger people are slightly more tolerant. 

Is there any Trillionaire company?

Yes, absolutely, there are multiple trillion-dollar companies, with tech giants like Nvidia, Microsoft, Apple, and Alphabet (Google) leading the list, often valued well into the multi-trillions, joined by others like Amazon, Meta, Broadcom, Tesla, and Berkshire Hathaway, reflecting the dominance of the tech sector in current market valuations.

What is the most successful company on Earth?

The most profitable company in the world is Saudi Arabian Oil Co., also known as Saudi Aramco or just Aramco. Six of the top 10 are from the U.S., with the rest coming from China or Saudi Arabia. The highest-ranked companies either operate in tech, oil and gas, or financial services.

Do valuable firms have happy employees?

Happier employees corresponds with stronger company value.

Companies with the happiest employees posted significantly higher Tobin's Q scores—meaning markets expect better future performance and growth.