While traditional history credits Job Charnock of the East India Company with founding Kolkata in 1690, a 2003 Calcutta High Court ruling established that the city has no single founder and grew from pre-existing local settlements. The area originally consisted of three villages—Kalikata, Gobindapur, and Sutanuti—under the Sabarna Roy Choudhury family.
Calcutta was established in the year 1690 as a result of the expansion plans of the British Raj. On August 24, 1690, Job Charnock, who was believed to be the founder of Calcutta first came to the village of Sutanuti as a representative of the British East India Company to establish a factory.
It was in 1690....Job Charnock came on the bank of the river Hooghly (it's the part of the Ganges) and took the lease of three large villages along the east bank of the river - Sutanuti, Govindapur and Kolikata (Calcutta) as a trading post of British East India Company.
Before the advent of the British, present-day Kolkata was part of three villages - Sutanuti, Kalikata and Gobindapur. Job Charnock, often referred to as the Founder of Calcutta, saw the potential of the three villages.
ब्रिटिश इंडिया की पहली राजधानी कलकत्ता का सम्पूर्ण इतिहास। A BRIEF HISTORY OF KOLKATA.
Why is it called a Calcutta?
Following English transcription, "Kāl Kāʈa" became "Calcutta". The name may have its origin in the words khal meaning "canal", followed by kaṭa, which may mean "dug". The name may have been derived from the Bengali term kilkila ("flat area"). Another theory is that the name derives from Kalighat.
After independence, civil strife and communist rule saw Kolkata lose pace to other Indian cities such as Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore. In 1985 the prime minister Rajiv Ghandhi described Kolkata as a “dying” city.
This has evolved the Indian capitals often: Pataliputra during the Maurya and Gupta eras, Delhi under the Sultanate, and Agra. New Delhi became the capital in 1911, as declared by King George V. Calcutta as British India's capital.
Kolkata and Kunming have some similarities, and not just the first alphabets of their nomenclatures. While Kolkata is the commercial, education and cultural hub of eastern India, Kunming enjoys the same position in South-West China. Kunming, like Kolkata, is an important trade centre.
Kolkata was the capital of the British India until 1911, when the capital was relocated to Delhi. Kolkata grew rapidly in the 19th century to become the second most important city of the British Empire after London and was declared the financial (commercial) capital of the British India.
For much of India's history, it was ruled by foreign powers, first by the Portuguese, then the Dutch, followed by the British. Each of these colonial powers left their marks on Indian society in a variety of ways.
Kolkata earned its nickname 'The Black City' due to its historical association with the coal trade and the pervasive soot that filled the air, impacting both its landscape and the lives of its inhabitants. This moniker took root during the significant industrial development of the 19th century.
Job Charnock is often regarded as the founder of the city; however, in response to a public petition, the Calcutta High Court ruled in 2003 that the city does not have a founder.
Varanasi is one of the world's oldest continually inhabited cities. Kashi, its ancient name, was associated with a kingdom of the same name in the first millennium BCE.
For years, the British had ruled from Calcutta, the commercial hub of India, which the East India Company, in the 18th century, had developed into a colonial city. Hardinge argued that the rising importance of the elected legislative bodies meant that Britain needed to find a more centrally located capital.
Ambedkar, then chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution, proposed designating the city of Hyderabad as the second capital of India because of its amenities and strategic central location. On 1 November 1956 the states of India were reorganised by language.
Kolkata is called the Black City, Surat the Diamond City, and. Bengaluru the Garden City. These titles highlight their rich heritage, industries, and cultural significance.
Scientists predict that Kolkata and eight other cities face flooding risks in the next 75 years as greenhouse gas emissions rise. Scientists predict that Kolkata and eight other cities will be flooded by 2100 as global warming is expected to increase sea levels and lead to more intense rainfall.
The city's former name, Calcutta, is an Anglicized version of the Bengali name Kalikata. According to some, Kalikata is derived from the Bengali word Kalikshetra, meaning “Ground of (the goddess) Kali.” Some say the city's name derives from the location of its original settlement on the bank of a canal (khal).
