Who is described as the father of communalism in India?

Lord Minto (the 4th Earl of Minto), who served as Viceroy of India from 1905 to 1910, is widely described as the "father of communalism in India" or the "father of the communal electorate". He earned this title by introducing separate electorates for Muslims through the Indian Councils Act of 1909, also known as the Morley-Minto Reforms, which legalized communal representation.

Who is the father of communalism in India?

Lord Minto is known as the father of the communal electorate. This was due to the introduction of the Indian Councils Act, 1909 which introduced separate electorates for Muslims. This act effectively 'legalised communalism' as it introduced electorates based solely on religion.

Who is the founder of communalism?

Communalism as a political philosophy was first coined by the well-known libertarian socialist author and activist Murray Bookchin as a political system to complement his environmental philosophy of social ecology.

Who introduced communal representation in India?

Therefore, Lord Minto came to be known as the Father of Communal Electorate, and the Act successfully 'legalized communalism'. - For the first time, Indians were associated with the executive councils of the Viceroy and Governors.

Who is known as the father of the Indian municipality?

In 1882 the then Viceroy of India, Lord Ripon, known as the Father of Local Self Government, passed a resolution of local self-government which lead the democratic forms of municipal governance in India.

Growth of Communalism and The Partition | Indian Modern History | UPSC | Lecture 37 | Aadesh Singh

Who is called the father of local governance of India?

Lord Ripon is regarded as the father of local self-government in India. He was considered to have given the Indians the first taste of independence by establishing the Local Self Government in 1882.

Who is known as the father of Indian society?

Abstract. Govind Sadashiv Ghurye, the “father of Indian sociology,” shaped a distinctively Indian brand of sociology marked by a cultural–historical and anthropological approach.

How did communalism start in India?

Communalism in India emerged as a divisive ideology during British colonial rule, primarily through policies like “divide and rule” and separate electorates. Though post-independence India initially saw harmony, communal tensions resurged from the late 1960s.

Who started local government in India?

The famous Resolution by Lord Ripon, which is also called the Magna Carta of Local Self Government, was issued by Lord Ripon's Government on 18th May, 1882. By the Government of India Act 1919, the Local Self-Government was transferred to Ministers responsible to new Provincial Legislatures.

Who is the father of local government Mayo?

Explanation: The Government of Ripon desired the provincial governments to apply in the case of local bodies the same principle of financial decentralization which Lord Mayo's Government had begun towards them. For his contributions, Lord Ripon is called father of local self-government in India.

Who is the father of communism?

Karl Marx was a revolutionary, sociologist, historian, and economist. He cowrote The Communist Manifesto (with Friedrich Engels), and he was the author of Das Kapital, which together formed the basis of Marxism. Marx was born in Prussia in 1818 and lived in Paris, Brussels, London, and elsewhere in Europe.

Who gave six types of communalism?

Indian Sociologist, T.K Ooman has mentioned six dimensions of Communalism which are given in the list below:

• Assimilationist.
• Welfarist.
• Retreatist.
• Retaliatory.
• Separatist.
• Secessionist.

Which is the root of communalism?

Communalism in India is result of the emergence of modern politics, which has its roots in partition of Bengal in 1905 and feature of separate electorate under Government of India Act, 1909.

Who established communalism?

Communalism had its roots in British conquest of India and the colonial socio-economic and political structure. It developed due to transformation of religious consciousness into communal consciousness in some parts of the country and among some sections of the people.

Which city is safe for Muslims in India?

🏛️ Delhi: The capital city, a hub for Halal food in Delhi, Mughal heritage, historic Jama Masjid, and Sufi shrines. 🕌 Agra: Home to the iconic Taj Mahal and a rich Mughal legacy. 🐪 Rajasthan (Jaipur, Udaipur, Jodhpur): Experience a Muslim-friendly Rajasthan tour through majestic forts and palaces.

What is Morley Minto's reform?

Indian Council Act of 1909, also known as the Morley-Minto Reforms was majorly aimed at appeasing the moderates of the country. It introduced numerous improvements in the legislative councils and increased the role of Indians in the governance of their country, along with the Britishers.

Who started the government in India?

British colonial rule: (1857–1947)

The first seeds of elected responsible government were sown during British colonial rule in India in particular by the Indian Councils Act 1909, commonly known as the Morley-Minto reforms.

Which is the oldest municipal council in India?

The Greater Chennai Corporation (previously Madras) is the Oldest Municipal Institution in India established on the 29th September 1688. A charter was issued on the 30th December, 1607 by East Indian Company constituting the "Town of Fort St.

What was the first government in India?

The Interim Government of India, also known as the Provisional Government of India, formed on 2 September 1946 from the newly elected Constituent Assembly of India, had the task of assisting the transition of British India to independence.

What led to the rise of communism?

In its modern form, communism grew out of the socialist movement in 19th-century Europe. As the Industrial Revolution advanced, socialist critics blamed capitalism for the misery of the proletariat – a new class of urban factory workers who labored under often-hazardous conditions.

What is the origin of the word communalism?

The term communalism was coined by the British colonial government as it wrestled to manage Hindu-Muslim riots and other violence between religious, ethnic and disparate groups in its colonies, particularly in British West Africa and the Cape Colony, in the early years of the 20th century.

Is India a communal country?

The preamble of our Constitution states India is a Secular country. It gives its citizens the freedom to practice any religion of their own choice.

Who is the modern father of India?

Ram Mohan Ray is called the "Father of Modern India" in recognition of his epoch-making social, educational, and political reforms.

Who is called father of sociology in India?

Govind Sadashiv Ghurye (12 December 1893 – 28 December 1983) was a pioneering Indian academic who was a professor of sociology. In 1924, he became the second person to head the Department of Sociology at the University of Bombay. And, is widely regarded as the founder of Indian Sociology & Sociology in India.

What is Raja Ram Mohan Roy known for?

Raja Ram Mohan Roy was one of the founders of Brahmo Samaj. He was given the title of "Raja" by Akbar ll, the Mughal emperor. He contributed to the welfare of the Indian society until his last breath. He is well known for his efforts to abolish the practices of sati and child marriage.