Ansar suggested there are two main reasons for the increases in costs and construction times. “Both experts and laypersons are systematically too optimistic about the time, costs and benefits of a decision,” he said. “Project promoters also deceive the decision-makers and the public with strategic misrepresentations.”
The main negative impacts of AHD are alluvial soil water logging, building up of soil salinity, overuses of chemical fertilizers and pesticides due to preventing of fine earth fertility particles by the dam, which affects the food productions and farmers health.
Hirakud is the longest earthen Dam in the world and stands across the mighty river, Mahanadi, in the Sambalpur region of Odisha. It was the first major multipurpose river valley project after India's Independence in 1947.
The TRUE Costs of Damming Our Rivers | Earth Explained!
What is the strongest dam in the world?
Accroding to Wikimedia, the Three Gorges Dam is a hydroelectric gravity dam that spans the Yangtze River by the town of Sandouping, in Yiling District, Yichang, Hubei province, China. The Three Gorges Dam is the world's largest power station in terms of installed capacity (22,500 MW).
1. Kariba Dam. Built between 1955 and 1959 on the Zambesi River between Zambia and Zimbabwe according to the plans of French architect André Coyne, Kariba is the biggest. It is an arch dam, 128 metres high and 579 metres long that has a reservoir capacity of 185 billion cubic metres of water.
he advantages of constructing dams across rivers are: a) They can store excess water, thereby preventing floods. b) Water from the dams can be used for the irrigation of crops via a network of canals. c) After suitable treatment, people of towns and cities get dam water through pipelines, for usage.
2. Foundation Defects, including settlement and slope instability, cause about 30% of all dam failures. 3. Cracking caused by movements like the natural settling of a dam.
Streams and rivers have to be diverted to create a dry area to construct the dam. Small rivers and streams are usually diverted through a tunnel, or a channel that is constructed around the side of the dam.
Some social impacts of dams are: Mass displacement and loss of land. They affect the social and economic gap between different sections of the society. It can also lead to inter-state water disputes.
Examples include when someone is being loud and disturbs their neighbors; when a roommate leaves dirty dishes in the sink; and the noise and air pollution from vehicle traffic.
Similarly, the total social cost is the cost to society from the policy or project including both the private costs plus any external costs. If a project has significant external costs, then the social costs will be greater than the private costs.
Introduction. The social cost of carbon (SCC) is an estimate, in dollars, of the economic damages that would result from emitting one additional ton of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
What are the five main components of social cost of environment?
Components of social cost include costs of losses of life and life quality, medical costs, vehicle and other property damage costs, loss of production, law enforcement costs related to the accident, as well as legal and other administration costs.
Social costs can be of two types—Negative Production Externality and Positive Production Externality. Negative Production Externality refers to a situation in which marginal damages are social costs to society that result in Marginal Social Cost being greater than the Marginal Private Cost i.e. MSC > MPC.
The real cost is a cost as measured by the physical labor and materials consumed in production. For example, real costs would include, but not be limited to, production, market analysis, distribution, and advertising.
The social cost is the cost to an entire society that results from a news event or a change in the policies. As the term predicts, fixed costs don't change in the volume of output. These costs are constant even with an increase or decrease in the volume of services/ goods produced or sold.
Social cost of inflation simply refers to the total cost on. society including both private costs and any other external cost arising out of inflation.
Social Accounting refers to the information regarding the company's production, consumption, expenditure, etc., and how it is fruitful to the overall social environment. All organizations must account for their social costs and benefit for sustainable development to achieve their goals.
Social costs grow with the level of pollution, which increases as production increases, so goods with negative externalities are overproduced when only private costs are involved and not costs incurred by others. To minimize social costs would lead to lower production levels.
Socio-economic impacts: Dams can have a significant impact on local communities, including displacement, loss of livelihood, and changes in access to water and other resources. Inefficient use of water: The state of Indian dams are not used efficiently, which leads to the waste of water.
