Sweden is reconsidering its rapid transition to a cashless society to strengthen national security, ensure financial inclusion, and improve crisis resilience. Due to rising geopolitical tensions, cyberattack threats, and vulnerability during power outages, the Riksbank is pushing for legislation to require businesses to accept physical cash for essential goods.
Sweden is near to becoming a cash-free society. In fact, some even regard the use of cash as suspicious. There are several reasons why Sweden depend so much on electronic payment but ease of use, higher security and reduced fraud are the primary ones.
Sweden, once celebrated as the world's frontrunner in going cashless, is now taking legal steps to safeguard the role of cash in society. Policymakers and the central bank have come to see that physical money is a vital tool for social inclusion and national security.
The UK is rapidly moving towards being a low-cash, but not fully cashless, society, with digital payments dominating, yet cash remains crucial for millions, especially vulnerable groups, leading to government efforts to protect access via legislation, banking hubs, and ATMs, even as some businesses go card-only and digital ID plans emerge. While cash use has plummeted (less than 10% of payments in 2024/25), the Bank of England and officials stress that a completely cashless system isn't feasible or desirable yet, focusing on maintaining choice and access for everyone, including the elderly and low-income individuals.
Sweden has officially become the first country in the world to go completely cashless. Almost every shop, café, and public transport system in Sweden now accepts only digital payments like cards or mobile apps. The popular app “Swish,” launched in 2012, is used by millions of Swedes to send and receive money instantly.
Cash makes a comeback in Sweden as digital payments face backlash
Is the UK mostly cashless?
Overall, around 39 per cent of UK adults lived largely cashless lives throughout 2023. However, the number of people mainly using cash actually rose to 2.6 per cent (an increase from 1.7 per cent in 2022). For now, cash remains the second most frequently used payment method in the UK.
Back in 1661, Sweden made history by issuing Europe's first paper banknotes. Today, the country is once again leading a financial revolution — this time by nearly eliminating cash altogether.
To put it abruptly, yes, shops in the UK can legally refuse cash payment. While cash is considered a legal tender, businesses have no legal obligation to accept it and have the right to set their own payment policies.
Hong Kong. Hong Kong is quickly heading towards a cashless society, with initial predictions even suggesting that 2025 could be the year that the country goes fully cash-free. ...
Sweden. Sweden is one of the countries at the forefront of the cashless movement. ...
Sweden's central government debt increased in 2024 as higher government expenditure led to a budget deficit. The Swedish National Debt Office financed the larger borrowing requirement in part by issuing more government bonds. The debt nevertheless remains low from both a historical and international perspective.
The claims appear to have sprung from reports that the Nordic countries have started advising citizens to keep a supply of cash at home in the case of a digital banking crisis. A false narrative spreading online claims that Norway and Sweden are doing away with e-money and are returning to a fully cash-based society.
Sweden's biggest issue is widely considered to be rising gang violence and crime, leading to significant public concern, especially in urban areas, alongside challenges in healthcare access, integration of immigrants, and the welfare system, with environmental concerns also prominent. The surge in lethal shootings and bombings linked to criminal networks has prompted tough government responses, while debates continue over migration policies and social cohesion.
Sweden's economy has struggled this year and households remain cautious about spending, despite real wage growth and eight rate cuts by the central bank since spring 2024.
According to studies conducted by the Federal Reserve, cash usage has been on a steady decline. In 2021, cash was used for approximately 20 percent of all transactions. Fast forward to 2024, and the downward trend persists, with reports indicating that cash payments now represent a mere 16 percent of all transactions.
1 in digital payments? India has emerged as the global leader in fast payments, according to a recent note by the International Monetary Fund. This is primarily driven by the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), which processes billions of transactions monthly.
The United States has the world's largest national debt in absolute dollar terms (over $38 trillion in 2025), followed by China and Japan, with these three countries holding a majority of the world's government debt. However, when measured as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Japan often ranks highest (around 230%), indicating a larger debt burden relative to its economic size.
By 2050, China is projected to be the world's largest economy by total GDP, followed by the United States and India, with major shifts as emerging markets like Indonesia, Brazil, and Mexico rise significantly, though Singapore and Luxembourg may lead in GDP per capita (average wealth per person).
It is not illegal to keep cash at home in the UK, but it should be stored securely to mitigate risks. The amount of cash to have on hand varies, but a small amount for emergencies is recommended while keeping most in a secure bank account.
There is also a practical security advantage with cash. Although debit and credit cards often have personal identification numbers (PIN) and chips for extra security, there is less risk of identity theft or your information getting stolen online when using cash.
Tesco caused uproar among shoppers this week when it confirmed it would ban cash payments at some of its cafes. The card-only policy will be rolled out to 40 in-store eateries. The supermarket has reportedly taken the decision after a new electronic ordering system helped to significantly cut down queues.
BRICS is not attempting to replace the dollar entirely but rather reduce its preeminent position in global finance. While the dollar's liquidity and stability contribute to its current dominance, BRICS is already reshaping financial systems by expanding local currency trade and building alternative institutions.
The UK is rapidly moving towards being a low-cash, but not fully cashless, society, with digital payments dominating, yet cash remains crucial for millions, especially vulnerable groups, leading to government efforts to protect access via legislation, banking hubs, and ATMs, even as some businesses go card-only and digital ID plans emerge. While cash use has plummeted (less than 10% of payments in 2024/25), the Bank of England and officials stress that a completely cashless system isn't feasible or desirable yet, focusing on maintaining choice and access for everyone, including the elderly and low-income individuals.
